Initial Assessment Pra Hospital pada Pasien Acute Coronary Syndrome: Systematic Review
Kata Kunci:
initial assessment, pra hospital, acute coronary syndrome, penanganan gawat daruratAbstrak
Beberapa studi acute coronary syndrome (ACS) sebelumnya berfokus pada intervensi edukasi atau manajemen ACS secara umum, tanpa mengulas peran kunci pengkajian awal secara sistematis dalam menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas initial assessment dalam meningkatkan respons awal dan outcome klinis pada pasien ACS di pelayanan pra rumah sakit. Tinjauan sistematis diperoleh dari lima basis data, yaitu PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, dan ProQuest. Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian literatur meliputi “Initial assessment”, “Pre hospital”, dan “Acute coronary syndrome”, dengan batasan publikasi antara tahun 2018–2024. Proses penelusuran awal menghasilkan 88 artikel. Eliminasi duplikasi dan penyaringan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi serta seleksi judul, abstrak, dan teks lengkap memperoleh 16 artikel yang dianalisis lebih lanjut. Penilaian kualitas artikel menggunakan instrumen dari Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa initial assessment yang sistematis dan tepat waktu secara signifikan meningkatkan kecepatan diagnosis, ketepatan intervensi awal, serta menurunkan angka kematian dan komplikasi pada pasien ACS. Tenaga pra rumah sakit memerlukan pelatihan berkelanjutan, standarisasi protokol penanganan, serta kolaborasi lintas sistem layanan darurat untuk meningkatkan hasil klinis secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan integrasi initial assessment sebagai bagian penting dari sistem pelayanan pra rumah sakit dan strategi manajemen kegawatdaruratan kardiovaskular.
Unduhan
Referensi
Achuff, S. C. (1981). Prognosis after myocardial infarction. Western Journal of Medicine, 134(1), 55.
Afrina, L., Kusumajaya, H., & Meilando, R. (2023). Faktor Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Response Time Perawat pada Kasus Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas di IGD. Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional, 5(2), 645–656.
Allana, S., Moser, Dr. D. K., Ali, Dr. T. S., & Khan, Dr. A. H. (2018). Sex differences in symptoms experienced, knowledge about symptoms, symptom attribution, and perceived urgency for treatment seeking among acute coronary syndrome patients in Karachi Pakistan. Heart & Lung, 47(6), 584–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2018.06.009
Andika, I. P. J., Setiani, D. Y., Baso, Y. S., & Salomo, A. (2024). Buku Referensi Keperawatan Gawat Darurat di Pendidikan Keperawatan dan Kesehatan. In Eureka Media Aksara. Eureka Media Aksara.
Ardian, I., Nu’im Haiya, N., & Azizah, I. R. (2022). Kualitas pelayanan keperawatan meningkatkan kepuasan dan loyalitas pasien. NURSCOPE: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pemikiran Ilmiah Keperawatan, 7(2), 86–96.
Arrebola‐Moreno, M., Petrova, D., Garrido, D., Ramírez‐Hernández, J. A., Catena, A., & Garcia‐Retamero, R. (2020). Psychosocial markers of pre‐hospital decision delay and psychological distress in acute coronary syndrome patients. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(2), 305–323.
Bagherzadi, A., Habibzadeh, H., Didarloo, A., & Kalkhali, H. R. (2021). The effect of educational intervention based on health belief model on preventive behaviors of readmission in patients with early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Quarterly Journal of Management Strategies in Health System.
Darsin Singh, S. K., Ahmad, A., Rahmat, N., & Hmwe, N. T. T. (2018). Nurse‐led intervention on knowledge, attitude and beliefs towards acute coronary syndrome. Nursing in Critical Care, 23(4), 186–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12240
Davis, L. L., & McCoy, T. P. (2019). An Educational and Skill-Building Intervention to Improve Symptom Recognition and Interpretation in Women With Acute Coronary Syndrome. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 38(1), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1097/DCC.0000000000000329
Demisse, L., Alemayehu, B., Addissie, A., Azazh, A., & Gary, R. (2022). Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about acute coronary syndrome among patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 22(1), 444.
Frisch, S. O., Faramand, Z., Li, H., Abu-Jaradeh, O., Martin-Gill, C., Callaway, C., & Al-Zaiti, S. (2019). Prevalence and Predictors of Delay in Seeking Emergency Care in Patients Who Call 9-1-1 for Chest Pain. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 57(5), 603–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.07.012
Garrido, D., Petrova, D., Catena, A., Ramírez-Hernández, J. A., & Garcia-Retamero, R. (2020). Recognizing a Heart Attack: Patients’ Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Its Relation to Prehospital Decision Delay in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02056
Habibzadeh, H., Bagherzadi, A., Didarloo, A., & Khalkhali, H. (2021). The effect of patient education based on health belief model on hospital readmission preventive behaviors and readmission rate in patients with a primary diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 21(1), 595.
Hadid, L. A. Al, Al Barmawi, M., Al Hmaimat, N. A. A., & Shoqirat, N. (2020). Factors Associated with Prehospital Delay among Men and Women Newly Experiencing Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Qualitative Inquiry. Cardiology Research and Practice, 2020, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3916361
Kemenkes. (2013). Infodatin Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan. Kemenkes RI.
Kemenkes. (2016). Infodatin Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan. Kemenkes RI.
Khairari, N. D. (2021). The initial assessment of nurse knowledge to response time in traffic accident case. Media Keperawatan Indonesia, 4(2), 127.
Maryani, N., & Ulfa, M. (2023). Skema Integrasi Pelatihan Prehospital Para Tim Ambulans Kota Yogyakarta. JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri), 7(4), 3759–3769.
Mirzaei, S., Steffen, A., Vuckovic, K., Ryan, C., Bronas, U. G., Zegre-Hemsey, J., & DeVon, H. A. (2020). The association between symptom onset characteristics and prehospital delay in women and men with acute coronary syndrome. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 19(2), 142–154.
Musyarofah, S., Muliawati, R., & Mushidah, M. (2019). Gambaran Pelayanan Kesehatan Public Safety Center 119. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal, 9(4), 371–378.
Panda, P., Singh, N. V., Kaur, N., Kaur, P., Kaur, A., Aujla, H. K., Kaur, K., Saini, N., Kapoor, S., & Paul Sharma, Y. (2021). Delay in Seeking Medical Treatment Among Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17369
Perkins-Porras, L., Whitehead, D. L., Strike, P. C., & Steptoe, A. (2019). Pre-hospital delay in patients with acute coronary syndrome: factors associated with patient decision time and home-to-hospital delay. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 8(1), 26–33.
Poorhosseini, H., Saadat, M., Salarifar, M., Mortazavi, S. H., & Geraiely, B. (2019). Pre-hospital delay and its contributing factors in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction; a cross sectional study. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, 7(1), e29.
Prasetya, E., Winarni, I., & Haedar, A. (2015). Studi Fenomenologi: Pengalaman Perawat di Lingkungan Tempat Kejadian Trauma Akut di Pre-Hospital Kota Malang. Medika Respati: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 10(4).
Prihanti, R., Widjanarko, B., & Budiyono, B. (2022). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Implementasi Public Safety Center (Psc) 119 Di Indonesia: Literatur Review. Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar, 17(2), 283–295.
Pusponegoro, D. R. D. A. D., & Sujudi, A. (2016). Kegawatdaruratan dan bencana: solusi dan petunjuk teknis penanggulangan medik & kesehatan. PT. Rayyana Komunikasindo.
Putra, K. A., Masfuri, M., & Massie, J. G. E. P. (2019). Peran Perawat Ambulans dalam Pelayanan Pre Hospital di Indonesia: Kajian Literatur. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan" SUARA FORIKES"(Journal of Health Research" Forikes Voice"), 10(4), 310–316.
Saidillah, M. (2021). Manajemen pelayanan sosial Public Safety Center (PSC) 119 Kota Yogyakarta Emergency Service (YES) [Skripsi]. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.
Sarrasatii, A., Sujalmo, P., & Fithriyyah, Y. N. (2023). Gambaran Kepuasan Pasien Terhadap Layanan Public Safety Center 119 Yogyakarta Emergency Services (PSC 119 YES) [Skripsi]. UGM.
Sintari, S. N. N., Subhaktiyasa, P. G., & Andriana, K. R. F. (2022). Mutu Pelayanan Keperawatan Berhubungan dengan Kepuasan Pasien. Public Inspiration: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 7(2), 81–88.
Stolic, S., Lin, F., & Mitchell, M. (2019). Randomized Controlled Trial of Symptom Management Patient Education for People With Acute Coronary Syndrome. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 34(4), 340–345. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000383
Sylvana, B. (2020). Tanggung Jawab Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Penyelenggaraan Kedaruratan Pra-Hospital Melalui Public DSafety Center (PSC) 119 Untuk Peningkatan Layanan Kesehatan Di Indonesia. Aktualita Jurnal Hukum, 3(1), 547–564.
Takeda, M., Oami, T., Hayashi, Y., Shimada, T., Hattori, N., Tateishi, K., Miura, R. E., Yamao, Y., Abe, R., & Kobayashi, Y. (2022). Prehospital diagnostic algorithm for acute coronary syndrome using machine learning: a prospective observational study. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 14593.
Tongpeth, J., Du, H., Barry, T., & Clark, R. A. (2020). Effectiveness of an Avatar application for teaching heart attack recognition and response: a pragmatic randomized control trial. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(1), 297–311.
Watak, C. L., Dotulong, F. X., & Lengkong, G. (2023). Pelayanan Keperawatan Berpengaruh Terhadap Kepuasan Pasien Bpjs Rawat Inap Di Rumah Sakit. Watson Journal Of Nursing, 1(2), 74–78.
